2012年6月22日星期五
2012年6月20日星期三
2012年6月19日星期二
SocialPipeline 06/20/2012 (a.m.)
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Events » Blog Archive » The Search for Genius: Einstein’s Brain
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Marian Diamond
Marian Diamond received some of the brain, and proceeded to study it. She discovered that when compared to normal brains, areas of Einstein’s brain had higher density of glial cells relative to neurons.Work done since by Elizabeth Isaacs (UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience) interestingly showed that children who struggled with maths had lower density of glial cells, suggesting a link between that area of the brain and proficiency in mathematics.
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SocialPipeline 06/19/2012 (p.m.)
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As with most projects and public and government funded programs and business the will and opinions of the people can have a major effect on the future of those projects and businesses. As Abraham Lincoln once said "With public sentiment, nothing can fail; without it nothing can succeed." NASA is one of the major government funded programs that is under close scrutiny by the public. [10] The budget of NASA tends to fluctuate with the public opinion and previous failures and successes that NASA has had. During the mid to late-1960's was the highest NASA has seen with it being 4.41% of the U.S budget. With the near disaster of Apollo 13 in the early 1970's the budget of NASA took a turn for the worst and started on a steady decline till it was about 1% of the U.S budget from 1970-1990. When the crash of the Space Shuttle Columbia occurred in 2003 the budget for NASA dropped below 0.75% of the U.S budget and is below 0.5% in the current year (2012). [11] The American public perceives the NASA budget as commanding a much larger share of the federal budget than it in fact does. A 1997 poll reported that Americans had an average estimate of 20% for NASA's share of the federal budget, far higher than the actual 0.5% to under 1% that has been maintained throughout the late '90s and first decade of the 2000s.[12]
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Wait, Did This 15-Year-Old From Maryland Just Change Cancer Treatment? - Forbes
- Compared with the 60-year-old diagnostic technique called enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (or ELISA), used in pregnancy test strips and viral checks for HIV, West Nile and hepatitis B, Andraka’s sensor is 168 times faster, 26,667 times less expensive, and 400 times more sensitive. It can spot the presence of the cancer-linked protein well before the cancer itself becomes invasive. This could save the lives of thousands of pancreatic cancer victims each year. The sensor costs $3 (ELISA can cost up to $800) and ten tests can be performed per strip, with each test taking five minutes. It can be used also to monitor resistance to antibiotics and follow the progression of treatment of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation.
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2012年6月15日星期五
SocialPipeline 06/16/2012 (a.m.)
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China Goes Shopping for German Factories - Businessweek
- So far this year, nine German “Mittelstand” companies, typically family-owned with fewer than 500 employees, have agreed to be acquired by Chinese buyers, bringing the total to 21 since the beginning of 2011
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2012年6月12日星期二
SocialPipeline 06/13/2012 (a.m.)
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- N1: Neuron 1 name
N2: Neuron 2 name
Type: Type of synapse: S: Send or output (Neuron 1 pre-synaptic to Neuron 2); Sp: Send-poly (Neuron 1 is pre-synaptic to more than one postsynaptic partner. Neuron 2 is just one of these post-synaptic neurons, see Figure 1 below. In White et al, 1986, these polyadic synaptic connections were denoted by “m” in the tables of Appendix 1); R: Receive or input (Neuron 1 is post-synaptic to Neuron 2); Rp: Receive-poly (Neuron 1 is one of several post-synaptic partners of Neuron 2. See Figure 1 and above); EJ: Electric junction; NMJ: Neuromuscular junction (only reconstructed NMJ's are represented).
It must be noted that at polyadic synaptic sites, not all “send-poly” were faithfully labeled as such in White et al, 1986. Some pre-synaptic connections were labeled simply as “sends”. Reconciliation of chemical synapses did not previously distinguish between send from send-poly and receive from receive-poly. In this new reconciliation, the total number of send and send-poly is equal to the total number of receive and receive-poly (S+Sp=R+Rp). Every documented synapse is now listed in this Table, both with respect to the sending neuron and with respect to the receiving neuron(s).
Nbr: Number of synapses between the given neuron pair.
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Ball-and-stick: 5 - Parallel Net -- Sage
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In a parallel context across several machines, communication between hosts can be computationally inefficient when the frequency of events is high and when the message being sent is large. NEURON uses an efficient priority queueing mechanism to deliver events to targets after the delay specified by the NetCon. The message passed is succinct. It is an integer, the unique global identifier (gid) of the source. The following two figures illustrate these ideas and come from Hines M.L. and Carnevale N.T, Translating network models to parallel hardware in NEURON, Journal of Neuroscience Methods 169 (2008) 425–455. Users should also consult the ParallelContext reference.
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2012年6月6日星期三
SocialPipeline 06/06/2012 (p.m.)
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您的帐户可能面临遭到国家资助的攻击者攻击的危险 - Gmail帮助
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Transit of Venus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The last transit of Venus was on 5 and 6 June 2012, and was the last Venus transit this century; the prior transit took place on 8 June 2004. The previous pair of transits were in December 1874 and December 1882. After 2012, the next transits of Venus will be in December 2117 and December 2125.[4][5]
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三周前，美国学者发布的研究报告让人们再一次反思中国过去30年经济快速增长的得失。由经济学家伊斯特林（R. Easterlin）领衔发表的论文，《中国的生活满意度：1990-2010》（China's Life Satisfaction, 1990-2010），指出在过去20年里，中国普通百姓的生活满意度呈急剧下滑的趋势。也就是说，多数人2010年的幸福感还不及1990年时的情况。这与同期中国经济的高歌猛进形成了强烈反差。
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2012年6月4日星期一
SocialPipeline 06/04/2012 (p.m.)
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上证指数 2308.55(-2.73%) 股票行情_财经纵横_新浪网
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中国军方:若国家根本利益受威胁 反击将令人恐惧(代号8964的反击果然令人恐惧) | 墙外楼
- 所以在这个情况之下，我们还要相应地完善我们的军事战略、要加强我们的国防建设、要提高我们军队战斗力。我们过去、现在、将来，我们永远不称霸，我们永远不侵略别国，但是“人不犯我，我不犯人，人若犯我，我必犯人”。当我们国家根本利益受到威胁的时候，我也会有反击的手段，让你感到非常恐惧。
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2012年5月30日星期三
SocialPipeline 05/30/2012 (p.m.)
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Scientists show how to erase information without using energy
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However, Vaccaro and Barnett have shown that an energy cost can be fully avoided by using a reservoir based on something other than energy, such as spin angular momentum. Subatomic particles have spin angular momentum, a quantity that, like energy, must be conserved. Basically, instead of heat being exchanged between a qubit and thermal reservoir, discrete quanta of angular momentum are exchanged between a qubit and spin reservoir. The scientists described how repeated logic operations between the qubit’s spin and a secondary spin in the zero state eventually result in both spins reaching the logical zero state. Most importantly, the scientists showed that the cost of erasing the qubit’s memory is given in terms of the quantity defining the logic states, which in this case is spin angular momentum and not energy.
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The results could also apply to hypothetical Carnot heat engines, which operate at maximum efficiency. If these engines use angular momentum reservoirs instead of thermal reservoirs, they could generate angular momentum effort instead of mechanical work.
- We are saying that the reason it is physical has a broader context than that.”
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2012年5月29日星期二
2012年5月28日星期一
SocialPipeline 05/28/2012 (p.m.)
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The Science Behind Foldit | Foldit
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What are amino acids? Amino acids are small molecules made up of atoms of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and hydrogen. To make a protein, the amino acids are joined in an unbranched chain, like a line of people holding hands. Just as the line of people has their legs and feet "hanging" off the chain, each amino acid has a small group of atoms (called a sidechain) sticking off the main chain (backbone) that connects them all together. There are 20 different kinds of amino acids, which differ from one another based on what atoms are in their sidechains. These 20 amino acids fall into different groups based on their chemical properties: acidic or alkaline, hydrophilic (water-loving) or hydrophobic (greasy).
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- Amylase starts the process of breaking down starch from food into forms the body can use.
- Alcohol dehydrogenase transforms alcohol from beer/wine/liquor into a non-toxic form that the body uses for food.
- Hemoglobin carries oxygen in our blood.
- Fibrin forms a scab to protect cuts as they heal.
- Collagen gives structure and support to our skin, tendons, and even bones.
- Actin is one of the major proteins in our muscles.
- Growth hormone helps regulate the growth of children into adults.
- Potassium channels help send signals through the brain and other nerve cells.
- Insulin regulates the amount of sugar in the blood and is used to treat diabetes.
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2012年5月27日星期日
SocialPipeline 05/27/2012 (p.m.)
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Reversible computing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Reversible computing is a model of computing where the computational process to some extent is reversible, i.e., time-invertible. A necessary condition for reversibility of a computational model is that the relation of the mapping states of transition functions to their successors should at all times be one-to-one. Reversible computing is generally considered an unconventional form of computing.
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Landauer's principle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Landauer's Principle describes the Landauer limit, which is the minimum possible amount of energy required to change one bit of information, as follows:
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Entropy (information theory) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- In fact, in the view of Jaynes (1957), thermodynamic entropy, as explained by statistical mechanics, should be seen as an application of Shannon's information theory: the thermodynamic entropy is interpreted as being proportional to the amount of further Shannon information needed to define the detailed microscopic state of the system, that remains uncommunicated by a description solely in terms of the macroscopic variables of classical thermodynamics, with the constant of proportionality being just the Boltzmann constant.
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Savant syndrome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Savantism is a rare condition in which people with 'developmental delays' of the brain (notably autism spectrum), and/or brain injury, demonstrate profound and prodigious capacities and/or abilities far in excess of those considered normal.
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2012年5月25日星期五
SocialPipeline 05/25/2012 (p.m.)
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"南中国海的力量展示" | 媒体看中国 | DW.DE | 25.05.2012
- 专门从事冲突分析的国际危机组织（International Crisis Group）在其最新报告中证实，中国之所以在对待南中国海问题上没有统一的战略，是因为有太多的带着自己利益的部门参与，而且常常外交经验不足。郭伯雄任副职的军委比部委都更有权利，可以随时颠覆外交努力。"
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2012年5月23日星期三
2012年5月20日星期日
2012年5月18日星期五
SocialPipeline 05/19/2012 (a.m.)
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Single protein controls neurotransmitters | KurzweilAI
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In the study, the investigators also suggest how the widely used pain drug Lyrica might work. The alpha 2 delta protein is the target of this drug and the new work suggests an approach to how other drugs could be developed that effectively turn particular neurotransmitter signals on and off to treat neurological disorders.
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2012年5月17日星期四
SocialPipeline 05/18/2012 (a.m.)
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中科院《中国人营养指南》一个错误严重的指南_哈佛宁博士_新浪博客
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这个饮食指南明确提到：“中国人每天的参考食谱是：六两粮食四两肉，六两蔬菜一两油，一两鸡蛋二两鱼，半斤水果一斤奶。根据家庭结构特点，不同家庭的食谱可以有所调整。中国人均每天营养标准的参考值是：营养供应3300大卡，其中，植物营养2300大卡、动物营养1000大卡，动物营养占30%；蛋白质100 克、脂肪150克；粮食300克、蔬菜300克、水果250克、植物油50克；肉食200克、奶类500克、鱼类100克、蛋类50克”。如果按照这样的指南进行饮食，依照此营养指南饮食，中国肥胖人口五年内可以增加100%，糖尿病、心血管病、高血压、高血脂可以增加50%以上。 -
2）我建议：两杯奶大约350克-400克已经不少了（国内外都有争议，我认为如此）。
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